a. The history of engineering can be distinguished into phase, each phase is marked by a revolution. Enumerate and explain the phases.
b. Mention any five (5) discoveries/innovations and their pioneering inventors.
a.
The history of engineering can be roughly divided into four phases, each marked by a revolution:
- The Prehistory of Modern Engineering/Stone
- Copper and Bronze Age
- Ancient Civilizations
- Computer and Information Age (From 1950 Beyond)
b.
The Prehistory of Modern Engineering/Stone Age:
The major lifestyle during this period involved limited use of tools and few if any hunting and food preparation, fire, stone tools and weapons. Stone Age cultures developed music and engaged in organized warfare.
They developed ocean worthy outrigger ship technology leading to migration across the seas which require knowledge of the ocean currents.
During this period, polished stone tools were made from a variety of hard rocks such as flint, jade and greenstone largely by working exposures such as quarries but later the valuable rocks were pursued by tunneling underground, thus the first steps in mining technology.
Copper and Bronze Age:
The Stone Age developed into the Bronze Age after the Neolithic revolution involved radical changes in agricultural technology which included development of agriculture, animal domestication and the use of permanent settlements.
These factors made possible the development of metal smelting with copper and later bronze (an alloy of tin & copper).
The Iron Age: This age is characterized by the use of iron smelting technology. It generally replaced bronze and made it possible to produce tools which were stronger and cheaper to make than bronze.
Ancient Civilizations:
It was the growth of ancient civilizations which produced the greatest advances in technology and engineering which stimulated other societies to adapt new ways of living and governance.
The Egyptians invented and used many simple machines such as the ramp to aid construction process. This includes valley civilization, situated in an area notable for its early application of city planning and sanitation technologies.
Ancient civilization was also at the forefront of seafaring technology. The Chinese made many first known discoveries and developments. Some of the major technological contribution from China include early seismological detectors, double action piston pump, wheelbarrow, the suspension bridge, gun powder etc.
Computer and Information Age (From 1950 Beyond) :
The modern computer evolved from the middle of the 20th century (i.e 1950 ranging from the vacuum tube relays, to transistors to small scale integrated circuits (1C) to the ultra large IC’S and as Pentium I to V and currently duo core which are now connected to form networks. The networks are interconnected to form internet.
b.
|
Invention |
Inventor |
|
Color tv |
John Baird |
|
Sewing machine |
Elias Howe |
|
Incandescent light bulb |
Thomas Edison |
|
Telephone |
Alexander Graham Bell |
|
Printing machine |
Johannesbur Gothenburg |
a. To what extent can you justify the importance of Engineer in society course in the engineering curriculum?
b.Give a brief history of the evolution of the major branches of Engineering.
a.
The importance of engineer in society in engineering curriculum can be highlighted by the following points.
- It enable students to learn the history of engineering in Nigeria and the world at large.
- It expose students to the activities of regulating bodies such as NSE and coren.
- It outlines the obligations of an engineer to the society.
- Highlights the principle and ethics governing the practice of engineering profession.
- Expose students to the law aspect of the practice of engineering.
b.
-
Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering emerged as discipline from “industrial chemistry” in the late 19th century. Before the Industrial Revolution (18th century), industrial chemicals and other consumer products such as soap were mainly produced through batch processing .
The product may then be isolated, purified and tested. Due to the application of Chemical Engineering techniques during manufacturing process development, larger volume chemicals are now produced through continuous chemical processes .
-
Electrical engineering
In 1837 Samuel F.B. Morse invented the telegraph. Some 40 years later, upon the invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell and of the incandescent lamp (1878) by Thomas A. Edison, there was need for engineers.
These devices and the first generating plant, in New York City (1882), created a large demand for people trained to work with electricity.
Electrical engineering became a profession in the late 19th century. Practitioners had created a global electric telegraph network and the first electrical engineering institutions to support the new discipline were founded in the UK and US.
-
Civil engineering
Civil Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practices of Civil engineering may have begun between 4000 and 2000 BC in Egypt and Mesopotamia.
In 1818, world’s first engineering society, the Institution of Civil Engineers was founded in London, and in 1820 Thomas Telford became its first president. The institution received a Royal Charter in 1828, formally recognizing civil engineering as a profession.
-
Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century; however, its development can be traced back several thousand years around the world. In the 19th century, developments in physics led to the development of mechanical engineering science.
The field has continually evolved to incorporate advancements; today mechanical engineers are pursuing developments in such areas as composites, mechatronics, and nanotechnology.
a. List the five group of registers that are kept by COREN or their various Engineering groups.
b.Explain what you understand by the following
I. Graduate Member
II. Associate Member
III. Honorary Fellow
a. COREN keep group of registers for:
- Engineers
- Technologist
- Technicians
- Craftsmen
- Consulting firms
b.
-
Graduate
Person must have undergone a regular course of study in Engineering Science of a duration not less than three years in a University or Technical Institution whose curriculum is approved by the Council, and completed such a course successfully, or satisfied the requirements of other Engineering Societies approved by the Council in respect of Engineering Education.
Person is as at the time of admission engaged in the profession of engineering.
-
Associate
Person must possess an academic qualification at the level of a University degree in the Sciences allied to engineering science, or other qualifications approved by the Council of the Society.
Person must have been engaged on work related to the practice of engineering for a minimum period of five years.
-
Honorary fellows
Honorary Membership is conferred on distinguished persons, who have rendered assistance in the prospection of public works, or eminent in science and experienced in pursuits connected with the profession of Engineering.
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