Summary
This article contains questions and answers from GSP 2205, a course which is mainly focused on Logic and Philosophy.
A/An_______ is a claim that makes a universal generalization with an exception.
(a) Exceptive (b) Asymmetric (c) Anti-symmetric (d) Relative.
(a) Exceptive
No one has ever proved that thinking victims actually improves a person’s health, therefore we can conclude that victims are simply a waste of money”. The above argument contains _______kind of fallacy?
a) Appeal to pity (B) Appeal to authority (C) Appeal to people (D) Appeal to ignorance.
(D) Appeal to ignorance.
Logic is an example of________
(a) reasoning (b) science (c) fact findings (d) non-empirical science?
(a) reasoning
An/A________ is valid when the conclusion follows the premises.
(a) Inference (b) Conclusion (c) Syntax (d) Reasoning.
(d) Reasoning
An equivalence relations is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and________
(a) unitary (b) unary (c) unity (d) transitive.
(d) transitive.
If a deductive or inductive argument contains fallacies, then they are________
(a) either unsound or uncogent (b) either sound or cogent (c) either valid or invalid (d) None of the above.
(a) either unsound or uncogent
Those concerned with the actual mental process employed by a thinking being are________
(a) Doctors (b) Mathematics (c) Psychologist (d) Physicist.
(c) Psychologist
An argument is invalid when the conclusion does not follow from the________
(a) the argument (b) the reasoning (c) the syntax (d) the premises.
(d) the premises.
A classic example of _ sentence is, “every farmer who owns a donkey beats it”.
(a) Complete (b) comprehensive (c) logical (d) donkey
(c) logical
All of these are true about fallacy, except________
(a) it involves a mistake of reasoning (b) it makes correct argument to appear wrong (c) it contains some ambiguous word or phrase (d) it makes bad argument to appear good.
(d) it makes bad argument to appear good.
When an information is complete, it is termed as________
(a) data (b) premise (c) fact (d) all of the above.
(c) fact
Although there is no guarantee that the conclusion of an argument is true, it can only be false if at least one of the________ is false
(a) premises (b) valid (c) inference (d) deduction.
(a) premises
__ is the set of objects under consideration when claims involving quantifiers are evaluated.
(a) Conjunction (b) Domain of discourse (c) Deductive (d) Definite description
(b) Domain of discourse
An argument that have all premises true is________
(a) either invalid or valid (b) either weak or strong (c) either sound or cogent (d) none of the above.
(c) either sound or cogent
In inferring a conclusion you may need________ premise(s).
(a) two (b) one (c) hundred (d) all of the above.
(d) all of the above
An argument is unsound when it is not_____ and _
(a) valid/has at least one true premises (b) valid/has no true premise (c) valid/follows from the conclusion (d) valid/correct
(b) valid/has no true premise
The Boolean connective ˅ corresponds to the English word________
(a) if (b) or (c) and (d) yes
(b) or
An inductive argument with true premises and false conclusion is
(a) either strong of does not exist (b) either cogent or uncogent (c) either sound or unsound (d) either weak or does not exist.
(d) either weak or does not exist
A declarative sentence is called________
(a) Command (b) Question (c) Statement (d) Request.
(c) Statement
To learn the truth about the world, the world must be studied________
(a) scientifically (b) carefully (c) systematically (d) logically.
(a) scientifically
An existential generalization of a negation can be written as________
(a) ꓱx¬P(x) (b) ꓯx ¬P(x) (c) ¬(PꓥQ) (d) all of the above.
(d) all of the above.
All are fallacies of presumption except________
(a) accident (b) false cause (c) division (d) complex question.
(c) division
Sentences such as questions and commands are not________
(a) reasonable (b) declaratives (c) statements (d) logic.
(c) statements
The aim of science is to discover______ truths with which the facts we encounter can be______
(a) general/explained (b) simple/explained (c) general/understood (d) general/corrected.
(a) general/explained
A universal generalization of a negation can be written as________
(a) ¬(PꓥQ) (b) ¬ ꓯx P(x) (c) ꓯx¬ P(x) (d) ¬ P V ¬Q
(c) ꓯx¬ P(x)
A deductive argument is valid if
(a) the conclusion follows necessary from the premises (b) the conclusion follows probably from the premises (c) all the premises and conclusion are true (d) the premises are true then the conclusion must be false.
(a) the conclusion follows necessary from the premises
A collection of declarative sentences with one conclusion and several premises is called________
(a) An input (b) A phrase (c) An output (d) An argument.
(d) An argument
By ‘Explanation’ we mean a set of statements from which the thing to be explained can be logically________
(a) understood (b) inferred (c) scientifically (d) reasonably.
(b) inferred
_ is an “if… then” sentence.
(a) Conjunction (b) Conditional (c) Conjunct (d) Definite description.
(b) Conditional
A cogent argument is one that________
(a) is strong and all the premises are strong (b) is strong with all the premises true (c) is weak (d) has all true premises.
(b) is strong with all the premises true
There may be __ premise in an argument
(a) one (b) two (c) several (d) none of the above
(c) several
In science, we seek explanations that are not only_______ and relevant, but also general.
(a) true (d) correct (c) specific (d) obvious.
(a) true
According to a law of thought, in between truth and falsehood, there is________
(a) truth- finder (b) middle (c) nothing (d) contradiction
(d) contradiction
If an argument contains premises that are logically irrelevant to the conclusion, then the argument involves fallacy of________
(a) ambiguity (b) relevance (c) equivocation (d) presumption.
(b) relevance
Logic is of two types_______
(a) selective and elective (b) bijective and injective (c) simple and complex (d) inductive and deductive.
(d) inductive and deductive.
The following are the two main differences between scientific and unscientific explanations.
(a) Attitude and evidence (b) evidence and basis (c) relevant and general (d) attitude and basis
(d) attitude and basis
A complex noun phrase is a phrase containing more than just a single________ significant word.
(a) Inference (b) Connective (c) quantifier (d) semantically.
(d) semantically.
What kind of fallacy exist in the following argument? “Professor Ahmad, surely I deserve a B in logic. I know that I have gotten F’s on all the tests, but if you give me an F in my final grade, I will lose my scholarship. That will force me to drop out of school, and my poor, aged parents, who yearn to see me graduate, will be grief-stricken for the rest of their lives”.
(a) Appeal to authority (b) Argument against person (c) Appeal to pity (d) Begging the question.
(c) Appeal to pity
Inductive reasoning is a method of drawing conclusions using________
(a) limited information (b) information (c) data (d) one or more data.
(a) limited information
An unscientific________ is presented dogmatically.
(a) Talk (b) dogma (c) explanation (d) unscientifically.
(c) explanation
Consider the statements 6×3=18 and 3×6=18. This is an example of_______
(a) counterexample (b) biconditional (c) arity (d) multiple –rule.
(b) biconditional
Which of these statements best describe an argument?
(a) argument is a sequence of statements (b) an argument is a group of statements, one or more of which are claim to provide support for, one of others (c) an argument is a set of statements with one conclusion (d) an argument is a group of statements with one conclusion and more than one premise.
(b) an argument is a group of statements, one or more of which are claim to provide support for, one of others
Inductive reasoning forms the basis of________ science
(a) physical (b) life (c) experimental (d) hypothetic
(c) experimental
__ of a serious scientist is not dogmatic.
(a) Bias (b) attitude (c) falsifiable (d) hypothetic
(b) attitude
Blackberry Z3 is a mobile phone. This statement is an example of the law of________
(a) blackberry (b) excluded middle (c) identity (d) non-contradiction
(c) identity
All banks are financial Institutions. NNPC is a financial institution. Therefore NNPC is a bank. The above argument is__________
(a) valid argument (b) invalid argument (c) strong argument (d) weak argument.
(a) valid argument
_ investigates arguments in which the truth of the premise makes likely the truth of the conclusion.
(a) Deductive logic (b) Investigative logic (c) Experimental logic (d) Inductive logic.
(d) Inductive logic.
The following are vocabularies of science except________
(a) hypothesis (b) fact (c) law (d) theory.
(b) fact
A bound occurrence of a variable is an instance of a variable occurring within the scope of a_______ used with the same variable
(a) quantifier (b) formal system (c) modus ponens (d) non-contradiction.
(a) quantifier
A deductive argument that is valid and has all true premises is________
(a) strong (b) sound (c) weak (d) cogent
(b) sound
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Inductive reasoning is sometimes called __
(a) statistical reasoning (b) psychology (c) argument (d) probability
(d) probability
What is first suggested in________ is called hypothesis.
(a) Theory (b) law (c) lemma (d) science.
(d) science.
An individual constant placed inside a box when it is introduced in a________ in system of F is called boxed constant.
(a) A formal proof (b) constant proof (c) proof (b) subproof.
(b) subproof.
Which of the following argument is a fallacy of composition.
(a) An athlete is a human being. Therefore, a good athlete is a good human being. (b) Every question in this examination is well written. This implies that the whole examination is well written (c) A line is composed of points. Points have no length. Hence a line has no length. (d) All men are moral, therefore, someday man will disappear from the earth.
(b) Every question in this examination is well written. This implies that the whole examination is well written
All the following are empirical science except _
(a) Mathematics (b) Physics (c) Engineering (d) Chemistry.
(a) Mathematics
Logic provides a________, or perhaps better a syntax for modeling scientific discourse.
(a) general truth (b) language (c) relevant discourse (d) science.
(a) general truth
The logical connectives conjunction (ꓥ), disjunction (˅), and negation (¬) are known as __
(a) Boolean connectives (b) truth-functional connectives (c) laws of thought (d) logical tools.
(a) Boolean connectives
A weak inductive argument is the one in which________
(a) the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises (b) the conclusion follows probably from premises (c) the premises does not support the conclusion (d) the premises support the conclusion
(a) the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises
_____ and ____ are sometimes confused
(a) logic and science (b) infer and imply (c) statement and argument (d) inductive and deductive.
(b) infer and imply
The following are social sciences except______
(a) economics (b) sociology (c) anthropology (d) cryptology.
(d) cryptology.
_ is a necessary reasoning while_ is a probabilistic reasoning.
(a) Sound, cogent (b) Strong, invalid (c) Unsound, uncogent (d) Cogent, sound.
(a) Sound, cogent
The sentence “I am going to school” is __
(a) A declarative (b) a statement (c) false (d) all of the above.
(a) A declarative
All of the following are false except________
(a) every strong argument is cogent (b) every valid argument has at least one true premise (c) every inductive argument with false conclusion is cogent (d) every uncogent argument is weak
(a) every strong argument is cogent
Inductive reasoning __ leads to inductive reasoning
(a) actually (b) definitely (c) surely (d) May.
(b) definitely
Reasoning is a______ mental activity.
(a) standard (b) unique (c) special (d) all of the above.
(d) all of the above.
The tittle of the course GSP 2205 is __
(a) Philosophy and Logic (b) Logic and Philosophy (c) Logic and Science (d) Relation between Logic and Science.
(a) Philosophy and Logic
Logic does not safeguard science against the introduction of hidden assumptions and formal fallacies.
(a) Not very sure (b) false (c) true (d) perhaps.
(b) false
Philosophy means the study of________
(a) innovation and creativity (b) ideas and wisdom (c) social interactions (d) knowledge management.
(b) ideas and wisdom
The history of philosophy can be divided into________
(a) three (b) four (c) five (d) two.
(b) four
Plato was a disciple of________
(a) Aristotle (b) Pythagoras (c) Socrates (d) Xalaphone
(a) Aristotle
The main principle of Pragmatism, with regards to knowledge is that________
(a) knowledge must be shared (b) knowledge must be functional (c) knowledge must be directional (d) knowledge must be occupational.
(b) knowledge must be functional
You are a free man if you deny God” and “you are a free man if you accept God”, are two contradictory assertions made by _
(a) realist (b) existentialists (c) idealists (d) pragmatists.
(b) existentialists
The existentialist philosophy has been criticized for being too________
(a) flamboyant (b) critical (c) lienant (d) subjective.
(d) subjective
The three spiritual values advocated by Axiology are, _
(a) truth, beauty and goodness (b) truth, beauty and kindness (c) generosity, kindness and goodness (d) smartness, kindness and cleanliness.
(a) truth, beauty and goodness
The realms of value include________
(a) Ethics (b) Meta-ethics (c) Aesthetics (d) All of the above.
(d) All of the above.
Values can be categorized into the following except________
(a) moral and non- moral (b) intrinsic and extrinsic (c) subjective and objective (d) major and minor
(d) major and minor
The following are humanities except __
(a) History (b) Languages (c) Biology (d) Literature.
(c) Biology
The attitude of a serious scientists is to __
(a) biased (b) dogmatic (c) falsifiable (d) hypothetic.
(b) dogmatic
The word philosophy was coined by________
(a) Pithogoras (b) Pythogaras (c) Python Pythagora (d) Pythogaras (e) Pinthagaras.
(The right spelling is: Pythagoras).
The first people to start practicing philosophy in the world are, __
(a) Roman (b) Greenvile (c) Greece (d) Phonecians (e) Akkadians
c) Greece
Modern philosophy today contains six main branches of thought which include________
(a) Metaphysics, Epistemology, Logic, Ethics, Politics, Aesthetics (b) Ontology, Epistemology, Logic, Ethics, Politics, and Aesthetics (c) Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ontology, Ethics, Politics and Arts (d) Metaphysics, Epistemology, Arts, Politics and Culture (e) Metaphysics, Epistemology, Logic, Ethics, Politics and Culture .
(a) Metaphysics, Epistemology, Logic, Ethics, Politics, Aesthetics
Philosophy seeks understanding of the following except_________
(a) clarity of terms (b) help society (c) develop an ideology to guide people (d) help culture to critical (e) maintain standard of living.
(d) help culture to critical
One of the greatest philosophers in the world is________
(a) Aristotle (b) Plato (c) Xalophan (d) Thales (e) Yaxasai
(a) Aristotle
Anaximander was a philosopher who lived between________
(a) 611-547 (b) 511-474 (c) 711-643 (d) 811-567 (e) 612-467.
(a) 611-547
The philosophy of Parmenides is __
(a) reality is changing and not certain (b) reality is unchanging and unitary (c) reality is critical and diverse (d) reality is critical but certain (e) reality is possible and dynamic.
(b) reality is unchanging and unitary
Anaximander’s belief is________
(a) nothing is possible in life (b) all things rise out of the indefinite and intermediate bondless (c) all things are equal and opposite (d) all things are from God (e) all things are born out of anger and bondless.
(b) all things rise out of the indefinite and intermediate bondless
All the following are philosophers in the pre Socratic philosophy except________
(a) Wathaingo (b) Zeno (c) Heraclitus (d) Leucippus (e) Anaximander.
(a) Wathaingo
Pythagirms lived between the year______
(a) 534-675 (b) 525-500 (c) 565-768 (d) 543-567 (e) 525-564.
(b) 525-500
Socrates lived between the year_______
(a)399-469 (b) 439-499 (c) 469-399 (d) 499-469 (e) 469-367.
(c) 469-399
The schools of thought developed by Plato are _
(a) Epistemology and Ethics (b) Epistemology, and Metaphysics (c) Epistemology, and science (d) Epistemology, and Physics (e) Epistemology and Logic.
(b) Epistemology, and Metaphysics
Mathematical knowledge is regarded as________
(a) knowledge by authority (b) knowledge by acquaintance (c) knowledge by reason (d) knowledge by experience.
(c) knowledge by reason
When the activity of mental agent ‘A’ has a direct or indirect effect on the well- being or welfare of moral agent ‘B’ the issue is tagged as __
(a) a non-moral issue (b) a subjective issue (c) a moral issue (d) an objective issue.
(b) a subjective issue
____ is the branch of philosophy also call the first philosophy.
(a) Epistemology (b) Metaphysics (c) Axiology (d) Logic.
(b) Metaphysics
When we began to ask question about the nature of reality and how the world come to be the way it is in relation to other words, this is the business of __
(a) Ontology (b) Theology (c) Cosmology (d) Theodicy.
(c) Cosmology
The constitution of Nigeria is a typical example of________
(a) Ethics of morality (b) Applied ethics (c) Normative ethics (d) Meta-ethics.
(b) Applied ethics
Essence precedes existence is the major refuted by which of these schools of philosophy?
(a) Idealism (b) Realism (c) Existentialism (d) Pragmatism
(A) Idealism
Which of these philosophers is not is not among the major proponent idealism?
(a) Plato (b)Kant (c) Berkley (d) Marcel
(d) Marcel
The theory of forms was expounded by which of these Philosophers?
(a) Aristotle (b) Plato (c) Pythagoras (d) Kant
(b) Plato
The highest of values in idealism is_________
(a) wisdom (b) courage (c) justice (d) temperance
(c) justice
The tabula rasa of John Locke literally denotes_______
(a) the nature of the mind when a child is born (b) The emptiness of the mind when a child is born (c) a clean slate (d) all of the above
(c) a clean slate
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The statement ‘I am going to school’’ is ………
(a) True of False (b) true (c) False (d) All of the above
(a) True of False
……… is a sequence of statements of which one is intended as a conclusion and the others, the premises
(a) Statement (b) Reasoning (c) Argument (d) None of the above
(c) Argument
All humans are mortal, Socrates is human, and therefore, Socrates is mortal. This is an example of
(a) Argument (b) Inductive reasoning (c) Deductive reasoning (d) All of the above
(c) Deductive reasoning
……. is a science of distinguishing between correct and incorrect
(a) Reasoning (b) Logic (c) Argument (d) none of the above
(b) Logic
At least one premises is needed when making
(a) inference (b) inferring (c) concluding (d) deduction
(a) inference
All ……… are sentences
(a) declaratives (b) argument (c) statements (d) logic
(c) statements
An argument consisting of ten statements will have ….. premise(s)
(a) One (b) Four (c) Eight (d) Nine
(d) Nine
The conclusion in a/an ……… reasoning is always True
(a) deductive (b) inductive (c) a and b (d) all of the above
(a) deductive
Logic are of two types
(a) selective and elective (b) bijective and injective (c) simple and complex (d) inductive and deductive
(d) inductive and deductive
Complete information is called ……….
(a) full information (b) fact (c) a and b (d) none of the above
(b) fact
‘Come with me’’ is an example of a sentences that is …..
(a) an argument (b) not a statement (c) a Statement (d) not an argument
(b) not a statement
A typical example of a non-empirical science is
(a) Biology (b) Physics (c) Mathematics (d) Chemistry
(c) Mathematics
‘Nigeria is part of Asia ‘’ is a …..
(a) Guess (b) True statement (c) False statement (d) True or False Statement
(c) False statement
Example of an empirical science is ……
(a) Biology (b) Physics (c) Engineering (d) All of the above
(d) All of the above
…… and……. Are sometimes confused
(a) Logic and Science (b) Infer and imply (c) Statement and argument (d) Inductive and deductive
(b) Infer and imply
Premise always come before conclusion in an Argument
(a) Correct (b) Incorrect (c) Undecided (d) All of the above
(a) Correct
……… forms the basis of experimental Science
(a) Logic (b) Inference (c) Science (d) Inductive reasoning
(b) Inference
…… is among the importance of this course
(a) Making good decision (b) Understanding our differences (c) Learning how to interact (d) none of the above
(c) Learning how to interact
All these words or phrases clues in identifying argument conclusion except
(a) Consequently (b) accordingly (d) it implies that
(c) however
In which category of argument is the conclusion claimed to follow only probably from the premises?
(a) Inductive Argument (b) Deductive argument (c) Deductive reasoning (d) Non deductive reasoning.
(a) Inductive Argument
An argument is NOT fallacious if
(a) It contains all true premises (b) it contains false conclusion (c) it is wrongly stated (d) it is always fake
(a) It contains all true premises
You commit fallacy every time you write a paper or turn in an exam, therefore, your criticism of my logic is inappropriate. The above argument is
(a) Either valid or or invalid (b) either unsound or uncogent (c) either weak or strong (d) a wrong argument.
(b) either unsound or uncogent
All are fallacies of ambiguity except,
(a) Composition (b) Division (c) Equivocation (d) False Cause
(d) False Cause
Which of these statements describe what is truly a cogent argument?
(a) A cogent argument has true premises (b) A cogent argument is an inductive argument (c) A cogent arguments is strong with true premises (d) A cogent argument is strong
(c) A cogent arguments is strong with true premises
An argument is weak if
(a) The conclusion follows weakly from the premises (b) The conclusion follows probably from the premises (c) The conclusion is false (d) It is not strong
(d) It is not strong
The fallacy of drawing a conclusion different from what the argument actually wants is called
(a) Missing the point (b) Complex question (c) Arguments against person (d) Begging the question.
(d) Begging the question.
An argument with false premises and true conclusion is
(a) strong if it is deductive (B) valid if it is inductive (c) either strong or valid (d) none of the above
(d) none of the above
A group of statements is called an argument if it contains
(a) Only one conclusion and at least one premises (b) One conclusion and least two premises (c) A number of premises without conclusion (d) Only one conclusion without premises
(a) Only one conclusion and at least one premises
What kind of fallacy exists in the following argument? When we engage in civil disobedience to protest against an unjust law, we nominally break the law as soon as we protest and the protest is therefore a second ‘wrong’. Surely civil disobedience is justified in such cases. Therefore, two wrongs sometimes do make a right.
(a) Composition (b) Division (c) Equivocation (d) none of the above
(c) Equivocation
If the link between premises and conclusion in an argument depends on some imagined connection that may not exist, then the argument contains
(a) Fallacy of presumption (b) fallacy of ambiguity (c) fallacy of relevance (d) none of the above
(a) Fallacy of presumption
“Since 7+5=12 and 7 is odd, it follows that 5 is even”
The above argument is
(a) Invalid argument (b) Valid argument (c) Strong argument (d) Weak argument
(d) Weak argument
What goes up must come down. The price of American dollar has been going up for months. Therefore, it will surely come down soon. The above argument is
(a) Weak (b) Sound (c) Cogent (d) Wrong
(a) Weak
Which of the following argument is a fallacy of division?
(a) All men are mortal, therefore, someday man will disappear from the earth. (b) Every student in this hall is successful. This implies that the whole student in this university is successful (c) An athlete is a human being. Therefore, a good athlete is a good human being (d) most famous movie stars are millionaires. Leonardo Di Carprio is a famous movie star. Therefore, Di Carprio is a millionaire
(d) most famous movie stars are millionaires. Leonardo Di Carprio is a famous movie star. Therefore, Di Carprio is a millionaire
All automobiles require fuel to work, All animals require food to survive, Therefore, probably all automobiles are animals. The above argument is
(a) Deductive invalid argument (b) Inductive weak argument (d) Inductive strong argument.
(a) Deductive invalid argument
Every argument is expected to have
(a) The conclusion follows necessary from the premises (b) the conclusion follows probably from the premises (c) the premises does support the conclusion (d) the premises does not support the conclusion
(c) the premises does support the conclusion
————- deductive argument is not fallacious while __ inductive argument not fallacious.
(a) Sound, cogent (b) Unsound, cogent (c) Unsound, uncogent (d) Cogent, sound (something kind of wrong with the question construction)
(a) Sound, cogent
All of the following are true except
(a) every week argument is uncogent (b) every cogent argument has at most two false premises (c) every deductive argument with false conclusion is unsound (d) every weak argument is uncogent
(b) every cogent argument has at most two false premises
The branch of philosophy that is concerned with questions of how one should live is called …… (a) Ethics (b) metaphysics (c) epistemology (d) logic
(a) Ethics
The branch of philosophy that deals with what sorts of things exist and what are their essential natures is called ….
(a) Metaphysics (b) epistemology (c) logic (d) metaphysics
(a) Metaphysics
The branch of philosophy that deals with what counts as genuine knowledge is called ………..
(a) Metaphysics (b) Epistemology (c) axiology (d) logic
(b) Epistemology
The branch of philosophy that deals with what are the correct principles of reasoning is called……
(a) metaphysics (b) knowledge (c) epistemology (d) logic
(d) logic
Investigation of the nature, causes or principles of reality, knowledge, or values, based on logical reasoning rather than empirical methods is called…….
(a) metaphysics (b) empiricism (c) reason (d) philosophy
(d) philosophy
Pythagirms lived between year _
(a) 534-675 (b) 565-768 (c) 543-567 (d) 525-500 (e) 525-564
(d) 525-500
Socrates lived between year
(a) 399-469 (b) 439-499 (c) 469-399 (d) 499-469 (e) 469-367
(c) 469-399
The works developed by Plato on philosophy are
(a) Epistemology and Ethics (b) Epistemology and Metaphysics (c) Epistemology and Science (d) Epistemology and Physics (e) Epistemology and Logic
(b) Epistemology and Metaphysics
The philosophy of Parmenides is
(a) Reality is changing and not certain (b) Reality is unchanging and unitary (c) Reality is critical and diverse (d) Reality is critical but certain (e) Reality is possible and dynamic
(b) Reality is unchanging and unitary
Anaximander believe is
(a) Nothing is possible in life (b) All things rise out of the indefinite and intermediate bondless (c) All things are equal and opposite (d) all things are from God (e) All things are born out of anger and bondless
(b) All things rise out of the indefinite and intermediate bondless
All the following are philosopher in the Pre Socratic philosophy except (a) Wathaingo (b) Zeno (c) Heraclitus (d) Leucippus (e) Anaximander
(a) Wathaingo
The first people to start practicing philosophy in the world are
(a) Greece (b) Phonecians (c) Roman (d) Greenville (e) Akkadians
(a) Greece
Modern philosophy today contains six main branches of thought which include
(a) Metaphysics, Epistemology, Logic, Ethics, Politics and Aesthetic
(b) Ontology, Epistemology, Logic, Ethics, Politics and Aesthetic
(c) Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ontology, Ethics, Politics and Arts
(d) Metaphysics, Epistemology, Arts, Politics and Culture
(e) Metaphysics, Epistemology, Logic, Ethics, Politics and culture
(a) Metaphysics, Epistemology, Logic, Ethics, Politics and Aesthetic
Philosophy seeks understanding of the following except (a) Clarity of terms (b) Help society (c) Develop an ideology to guide people (d) Help culture to be critical (e) Maintain standard of living,
(d) Help culture to be critical
All the following statements are true except (a) Philosophy is not a way of life (b) Philosophy is not a simply a theory about something (c) Philosophy is not a belief or a wish (d) Philosophy is an activity of thought (e) Philosophy is a managerial process by man
(e) Philosophy is a managerial process by man
Anaximander was a philosopher who lived between (a) 511-474 (b) 711-643 (c) 811-567 (d) 612-467 (e) 611-547
(e) 611-547
An ……….. is valid when the conclusion follows from the Premises. (a) conclusion (b) syntax (c) reasoning (d) inference
(d) inference
An argument is invalid when the conclusion does not follow from …… (a) the argument (b) the premises (c) the reasoning (d) the syntax
(b) the premises
Although there is no guarantee that the conclusion of an argument is true, it can only be false if at least one of the ……….. is false (a) the premises (b) valid (c) inference (d) deduction
(a) the premises
An argument is unsound when it is not …… and ……. (a) valid/has at least one true premises (b) valid/follows from the conclusion (c) valid/correct (d) valid/has no true premise
(d) valid/has no true premise
To learn the truth about the world, the world must be studied ………. (a) scientifically (b) carefully (c) systematically (d) logically
(a) scientifically
The aim of science is to discover …… truths with which the facts we encounter can be…… (a) general/explained (b) simple/explained (c) general/understood (d) general/corrected.
(a) general/explained
By ‘Explanation’ we mean a set of statements from which the thing to be explained can be logically….. (a) inferred (b) understood (c) scientifically (d) reasonably
(a) inferred
In science we seek explanations that are not only…. and relevant, but also general. (a) true (b) correct (c) specific (d) obvious
(a) true
The following are the two main differences between scientific and unscientific explanations (a) attitude and evidence (b) evidence and basis (c) relevant and general (d) attitude and basis
(d) attitude and basis
An unscientific……is presented dogmatically (a) talk (b) dogma (c) explanation (d) unscientifically
(c) explanation
The…….. of a serious scientist is not dogmatic (a) biased (b) attitude (c) falsifiable (d) hypothetic
(b) attitude
The following are vocabularies of science except ……. (a) hypothesis (b) fact (c) law (d) theory
(b) fact
What is first suggested in ….. is called hypothesis (a) theory (b) law (c) lemma (d) science
(d) science
Logic provides a……….. or perhaps better a syntax for modelling scientific discourse. (a) general truth (b) language (c) relevant discourse (d) science
(a) general truth
The following are social sciences except ……… (a) economics (b) sociology (c) cryptology (d) anthropology
(c) cryptology
The following are Humanities except ……….. (a) History (b) languages (c) electronics (d) literature
(c) electronics
The title of the course GSP2205 is …….. (a) Philosophy and Logic (b) Logic and Philosophy (c) Logic and Science (d) Relation between Logic and Science
(d) Relation between Logic and Science
Logic does not safeguard sciences against the introduction of hidden assumptions and formal fallacies. (a) not very true (b) true (c) perhaps (d) false
(b) true
An ……… is a claim that makes a universal generalization with an exception. (a) Exceptive (b) asymmetric (c) anti symmetric (d) relative
(a) Exceptive
An equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and …….. (a) unitary (b) unary (c) unity (d) transitive
(d) transitive
A classic example of ……. sentence is; “every farmer who owns a donkey beats it.” (a) complete (b) comprehensive (c) logical (d) donkey
(c) logical
……………. is a set of objects under consideration when claims involving quantifiers are evaluated. (a) Conjunction (b) Domain of discourse (c) Deductive (d) Definite description
(b) Domain of discourse
The Boolean connective ˅ corresponding to the English word …….. (a) iff (b) or (c) and (d) yes
(b) or
An existential generalization of a negation can be written as ……… (a) x(x) (b) x(x) (c) (PᴧQ) (d) all of the above
(d) all of the above
A universal generalization of a negation can be written as ………. (a) (PᴧQ) (b) x P(x) (c) xP(x) (d) P V Q
(c) xP(x)
………….. is an “if…then” sentence. (a) Conjunction (b) Conditional (c) Conjunct (d) Definite description
(b) Conditional
According to a law of thought, in between truth and falsehood there is…….. (a) truth finder (b) middle (c) nothing (d) contradiction
(d) contradiction
A complex noun phrase is a noun phrase containing more than just a single ……….. significant word. (a) Inference (b) connective (c) quantifier (d) semantically
(d) semantically
Consider the statements 6×3 =18 and 3×6=18. This is an example of (a) counterexample (b) biconditional (c) arity (d) multiple rule
(b) biconditional
Premise always come before conclusion in an Argument
(a) Correct (b) Incorrect (c) Undecided (d) All of the above
(a) Correct
BlackBerry Z3 is a mobile phone. This statement is an example of the law of (a) Blackberry (b) Excluded middle (c) Identity (d) Non-contradiction
(c) Identity
A bound occurrence of a variable is an instance of a variable occurring within the scope of a …… used with the same variable. (a) quantifier (b) formal system (c) modus ponens (d) non contradiction
(a) quantifier
An individual constant placed inside a box when it is introduced in a ………… in system F is called boxed constant. (a) formal proof (b) constant proof (c) proof (d) sub proof
(d) sub proof
The logical connectives conjunction (ᴧ), disjunction (v) and negation () are known as ……… (a) Boolean connectives (b) Truth functional connective (c) Laws of thought (d) Logical tools.
(a) Boolean connectives
Metaphysics deals with reality. Epistemology deals with ……. (a) Development and nature of the universe (b) Religious doctrines (c) Nature and sources of knowledge (d) None of the above
(c) Nature and sources of knowledge
Which of the following deals with the appreciation of arts, creations and beauty of events, places and things? (a) Meta-ethics (b) Cosmology (c) Acquaintance (d) Aesthetics
(d) Aesthetics
Which of the following is not a moral value? (a) Gender tolerance (b) Religiosity (c) Aesthetic values (d) Philanthropy
(c) Aesthetic values
Philosophy is relevant to the teaching and learning processes because it is useful to both teachers and students in all of the following ways except ……. (a) Choice of subject combinations (b) Promoting equality (c) Helping teachers select best methods of teaching (d) Identifying individual differences among students
(a) Choice of subject combinations
Which of the following philosophical schools of thought as postulated by Plato? (a) Naturalism (b) Pragmatism (c) Idealism (d) Existentialism
(c) Idealism
A philosophical school of thought is a collection or harmonisation of ideas and theories of great thinkers spatio – temporally. This means ……… (a) Collection and harmonisation of ideas and theories across time and space (b) Collection and harmonisation of ideas and theories within a geographical location (c) Collection and harmonisation of ideas and theories in a university (d) Collection and harmonisation of ideas and theories temporarily
(a) Collection and harmonisation of ideas and theories across time and space
One of the following is not a fundamental principle of naturalism (a) Mind is subordinate to matter (b) Values are created in terms of specific needs (c) Man should be left to learn in a natural environment (d) Nature alone is the source of knowledge
(b) Values are created in terms of specific needs
The major criticism against idealism is that ……….. (a) it influences other school of thought (b) it emphasizes ideas (c) it transcend the boundaries of knowledge (d) it appears too much abstract and it contradictory to reality
d) it appears too much abstract and it contradictory to reality
The fundamental principles of Pragmatism include all of the following except …….. (a) Actions are real while ideals are tools (b) Knowledge is always tentative and functional (c) there should be authoritarianism in government and religion (d) Truth is that which is practical in nature
(c) there should be authoritarianism in government and religion
One of the following is a basic theme in the philosophy of existentialism (a) Freedom and choice (b) Subjectivity of Values (c) Contingency of human life (d) Rationality of knowledge
(b) Subjectivity of Values
One of the following philosophical schools of thought is the child of individualism and healthy competition among individuals and among nations. This school of thought is …….. (a) Idealism (b) Realism (c) Existentialism (d) Pragmatism
(c) Existentialism
Knowledge of philosophy and its branches can assist students or learners generally in the following ways except …….. (a) Creation of interest and leisure time (b) Extra-curricular activities (d) Guidance, counselling and career services (d) Personality development
(a) Creation of interest and leisure time
John Locke came with the concept, ‘tabula rasa’ claiming that the world in which we live is not a world of fantasies, but a real and objective world. This is postulate under………….. schools of thought (a) Realist (b) Idealist (c) Existentialist (d) Pragmatist
(a) Realist
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Epistemology is ……… (a) study of the nature of values (b) study of the nature of the universe (c) study of the nature of knowledge (d) study of the nature of man
(c) study of the nature of knowledge
Which of these is not a category of value? (a) Moral and non-moral values (b) objective and subjective value (c) ethics and aesthetic value (d) intrinsic and extrinsic values
(c) ethics and aesthetic value
‘ta meta physka biblia’ meaning those books that come after the books of nature was given by Andronicus when he was classifying the works of (a) Socrates (b) Plato (c) Aristotle (d) Pythagoras
(c) Aristotle
“Values are in constant flux” This is an axiological proposition associated with …… (a) Existentialism (b) Idealism (c) Realism (d) Pragmatism
(d) Pragmatism
School of philosophy can best be described as …… (a) the collation of ideas of different thinkers and philosophers in Nigeria (b) collection or harmonization of ideas/theories of great thinkers and philosophers spatio-temporally (c) Pragmatism and Existentialism (d) Idealism and Realism
(b) collection or harmonization of ideas/theories of great thinkers and philosophers spatio-temporally
A sentence to which one and only one term true or false can be meaningfully applied to it, is called? (a) Predicate (b) Logic (c) Proposition (d) None of the above
(c) Proposition
All are examples of compound proposition except (a) It is not the case that Prof Attahiru Jega is the VC of BUK (b) If I get CGPA 3.50, then I will contest for SUG president in 2019 (c) the premises of an argument are intended to justify the conclusion (d) 3+2=5 or 1>2
(a) It is not the case that Prof Attahiru Jega is the VC of BUK
The only logical term that acts on a single proposition is (a) Conjunction (b) Negation (c) Disjunction (d) Biconditional
(b) Negation
Given ‘p’ as any proposition and term T (or True). The truth value of logical statement PᴧT is (a) true (b) False (c) Proposition ‘p’ (d) Contradiction
(b) False
The statement “I have GSP class today if and only if today is Monday” is .(a) Conjunction (b) Biconditional (c) Disjunction (d) Implication
(b) Biconditional
An argument that is such that the conclusion follows probably from the premises is classified as __ argument. (a) formal (b) informal (c) inductive (d) deductive (e) cogent
(c) inductive
A __ inductive argument is an inductive argument such that the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises, even though it is claimed to (a) strong (b) weak (c) uncogent (d) valid (e) sound
(b) weak
Fallacy of _ is committed when one claims that what is true for the whole is true for the parts. (a) Ambiguity (b) Relevance (c) Composition (d) Division (e) Accident
(e) Accident
Which of the following appeals is often used by students on their instructors at exam time? (a) Appeal to pity (b) Appeal to force (c) Appeal to authority (d)Appeal to ignorance (e) none
(a) Appeal to pity
Fallacy of equivocation, composition and division are examples of fallacies of __ (a) Ambiguity (b) Relevance (c) Presumption (d) False cause (e)Complex question
(a) Ambiguity
…….. philosophy was described as “the attempt to search for coherence in the whole circle of thought and experience” (a) Pragmatism (b) Speculative (c) Metaphysics (d) Axiology (e) Realism
(b) Speculative
Prescriptive philosophy seeks to establish standards for assessing values …. and appraising art (a) judging conducts (b) point of analysis (c)judgement of issues (d) equality of opportunity (e) beyond mere clarification
(a) judging conducts
…….. examines what we mean by good and bad, right and wrong, beautiful and ugly (a) Epistemology (b) Naturalism (c) Prescriptive (d) Historical (e) Analytic
(c) Prescriptive
Analytic philosophy evaluates …….. and …. (a) concept and notion (b) words and meaning (c) cause and equality (d) freedom and opportunity
(a) concept and notion
The duty of the …. Philosopher is to closely scrutinize these words or concepts and determine what they mean, by exposing the inconsistencies that are inherent in them. (a) Analytical (b) Axiological (c) Metaphysical (d) Historical (e) Epistemological
(a) Analytical
An …… is valid when the conclusion follows from the premises. (a) conclusion (b) syntax (c) reasoning. (d) inference
(d) inference
An argument is invalid when the conclusion does not follow from …… (a) the argument (b) the premises (c) the reasoning (d) the syntax
(b) the premises
Although there is no guarantee that the conclusion of an argument is true, it can only be false if at least one of the ……. is false. (a) the premises (b) valid (c) inference (d) deduction
(a) the premises
An argument is unsound when it is not …… and …… (a) valid/ has at least one true premises (b) valid/follows from the conclusion (c) valid/correct (d) valid/ has no true premise
(d) valid/ has no true premise
To learn the truth about the world, the world must be studied ….. (a) scientifically (b) carefully (c) systematically (d) logically
(a) scientifically
When we look at how beautiful God has created man, the intricate nature of his limbs compared to other animals, we are engaging in……? (a) ethics (b) aesthetics (c) epistemology (d) metaphysics
(b) aesthetics
The question whether there is God and arguments forwarded for proving His existence, is a question raised in …… (a) Cosmology (b) Ontology (c) Theodicy (d) Religion
(b) Ontology
Which of these is not a monotheistic religion studied in theology? (a) Islam (b) Hinduism (c) Christianity (d) Judaism
(c) Christianity
“Essence precedes existence” is the major argument of which school of thought? (a) Existentialism (b) Realism (c) Idealism (d) Pragmatism
(c) Idealism
The knowledge we receive from specialists in their areas is classed as a knowledge source by (a) authority (b) intuition (c) experience (d) reason
(a) authority
What is the converse of the proposition “if you study hard, then you will pass all GSP courses” (a) you study hard only if you will pass all GSP courses (b) you study hard if and only if you will pass all GSP courses (c) if you will pass all GSP courses, then you study hard (d) you will pass all GSP courses and you study hard
(c) if you will pass all GSP courses, then you study hard
Which part of this statement “Every GSP course in BUK is two credits unit” is the propositional function (a) GSP course in BUK (b) is two credits unit (c) Every GSP course in (d) in BUK
(a) GSP course in BUK
….. is the principle for every proposition (a) Law of non-contradiction (b) Law of identity (c) Law Excluded middle (d) none of the above
(a) Law of non-contradiction
All are not fundamental principles of logic except. (a) No argument with all true premises and a true conclusion is valid (b) if argument is valid then every argument with the same form is invalid (c) No argument with all true premises but a false conclusion is valid (d) if argument is invalid then every argument with the same form is valid
(c) No argument with all true premises but a false conclusion is valid
All are possible nature of every argument in logic except (a) it is possible for a valid argument to have all true premises and a false conclusion. (b) it is possible for a valid argument to have all true premises and a true conclusion (c) it is possible for a valid argument to have all false premises and a false conclusion (d) it is possible for a valid argument to have some true premises and a true conclusion
(a) it is possible for a valid argument to have all true premises and a false conclusion.
The argument “when a lighted matchstick is dunked into water, the flame is snuffed out. Kerosene is a liquid like water. Therefore, probably the flame of a lighted matchstick will snuff out when dunked in a kerosene” is an example of a/an _ argument (a) valid (b) invalid (c) sound (d) cogent (e) uncogent
(d) cogent
Which of the following statements is NOT true about a sound argument? (a) it is valid argument (b) all its premise are true (c) its conclusion may be false (d) it is a deductive argument (e) must be satisfied
(c) its conclusion may be false
A fallacy that is committed when the opinion of someone famous in another area of expertise is used to guarantee the truth of a claim outside his/her area is categorized as an appeal to (a) force (b) authority (c) pity (d) ignorance (e) false cause
(b) authority
Which of the following is a form of Argumentation ad Hominem? (a) ad hominem abusive (b) ad hominem circumstantial (c) tu quoque (d) all of the above (e) none of the form mentioned
(d) all of the above
Fallacy of …….. is committed when a general rule is applied to a specific case that it was not intended to cover (a) accident (b) composition (c) division (d) begging the question (e) false cause
(a) accident
Historical approach to philosophy tries to trace the development of ……….. over time (a) thought (b) ideas (c) reasoning (d) material world (e) issues
(b) ideas
………. has a major concern on the purpose of life (a) Metaphysics (b) Analytic (c) realism (d) existentialism (e) pragmatism
(a) Metaphysics
Epistemology is sometimes referred to as the theory of …. (a) reasoning (b) need (c) knowledge (d) ethics (e) logic
(c) knowledge
Metaphysics as a branch of philosophy is divided into two parts ontology and…. (a) determinlogy (b) cosmology (c) reality (d) mental laws (e) physical
(b) cosmology
The aim of science is to discover …… truths with which the facts we encounter can be ….. (a) general/explained (b) simple/explained (c) general/understood (d) general/corrected
(a) general/explained
By ‘explanation’ we mean a set of statement from which the thing to be explained can be logically ….. (a) inferred (b) understood (c) scientifically (d) reasonably
(a) inferred
In science we seek explanations that are not only….. and relevant… but also genera (a) true (b) correct (c) specific (d) obvious
(a) true
The following are the two main differences between scientific and unscientific explanations (a) attitude and evidence (b) evidence and basis (c) relevant and general (d) attitude and basis
(d) attitude and basis
An unscientific… is presented dogmatically (a) talk (b) dogma (c) explanation (d) unscientifically
(c) explanation
Which of these schools of philosophy is referred to as American philosophy? (a) Idealism (b) Realism (c) Pragmatism (d) Existentialism
(c) Pragmatism
In the philosophy of Realism, knowledge is …. (a) perceived by the senses, not conceived by the mind (b) is conceived by the mind, not perceived by the sense (c) everything that is real (d) dependent of the mind
(b) is conceived by the mind, not perceived by the sense
Cosmology is the… (a) study of the nature of the universe (b) study of the nature of religions (c) study of the nature of man (d) study of the nature of life
(a) study of the nature of the universe
Values are subjective, which of these schools of philosophy favours this argument? (a) Idealism (b) Realism (c) Existentialism (d) Neoliberalism
(c) Existentialism
The philosophy that deals with the practicality of ideas known as Pragmatism was started by ….. ? (a) John Dewey (b) William James (c) C.S. Pierce (d) Francis Bacon
(c) C.S. Pierce
Use the following information to answer Questions 55-59. Let p and q be propositions p: Audu is rich, q: Bala is poor
The expression of the proposition p→q as an English sentence is (a) if Bala is rich, then Audu is poor (b) if Audu is rich, then Bala is poor (c) Audu is rich is sufficient for Bala is rich (d) Bala is rich only if Audu is rich
(b) if Audu is rich, then Bala is poor
The proposition “Audu and Bala are both rich” as in term of p and q and logical terms is (a) pᴧq (b) pv~q (c) ~pᴧq (d) pᴧ~q
(d) pᴧ~q
The proposition “Audu is rich but Bala is poor” as in term of p and q and logical terms is (a) qᴧp (b) pv~q (c) pᴧq (d) pᴧ~q
(c) pᴧq
The proposition “p→q” is false only when (a) p is true and q is true (b) p is true and q is false (c) p is false and q is false (d) none of the above
(b) p is true and q is false
The contra positive of “if Audu is rich, then Bala is poor” is given by (a) If Bala is not poor, then Audu is not rich (b) If Audu is not rich, then Bala is poor (c) Audu is rich is sufficient for Bala is poor (d) Bala is rich only if Audu is rich
(a) If Bala is not poor, then Audu is not rich
The first and second premises of the argument “some birds fly. Ostrich is a bird. Therefore, Ostrich fly” are __ (a) Both true (b) both false (c) both probably false (d) true and false respectively (e) false and true respectively
(a) Both true
__ fallacy involves violation of certain rules of valid inference (a) inductive (b) informal (c) deductive (d) formal (e) objective
(d) formal
Fallacy of complex question is an example of fallacy of __ (a) Ambiguity (b) relevance (c) presumption (d) division (e) none of the above
(c) presumption
A deductive argument that is such that all of its given premises are false and the conclusion is true is a/an _ argument (a) valid (b) invalid (c) cogent (d) strong (e) weak
(e) weak
The ambiguous word in the argument “all factories are plants. All plants are things that contains chlorophyll. Therefore, all factories contains chlorophyll” is ………(a) factories (b) things (c) chlorophyll (d) contains (e) plants
(e) plants
……. refers to the theory about the nature of man and the nature of the universe and the existence of God. (a) Pragmatism (b) Historical (c) Metaphysics (d) Axiology (e) Realism
(c) Metaphysics
Which of the following division of philosophy deals with issues of knowledge (a) Science (b) Naturalism (c) Pragmatism (d) logos (e) Epistemology
(e) Epistemology
According to epistemologists, human beings have levels and means of acquiring ……. (a) knowledge (b) theory (c) meaning (d) literacy (e) belief
(a) knowledge
………. illustrates that a statement can be true if it corresponds to reality, a state of affairs or facts (a) the nature of knowledge and the procedures (b) scopes, extent, means and to knowledge (c) knowledge issues in other disciplines (d) criteria to use to judge the truth or falsify of our knowledge (e) correspondence theory
(e) correspondence theory
Axiology is a branch of Philosophy that deals with the theory of …….. (a) value (b) ethics (c) consciousness (d) want (e) desire or need
(b) ethics
The ……. of a serious scientist is not dogmatic (a) biased (b) attitude (c) falsified (d) hypothetic
(b) attitude
The following are vocabularies of science except ….. (a) hypothesis (b) fact (c) law (d) theory
(b) fact
What is first suggested in …… is called hypothesis (a) theory (b) law (c) lemma (d) science
(d) science
Logic provide a …. or perhaps better a syntax for modelling scientific discourse. (a) general truth (b) language (c) relevant discourse (d) science
(a) general truth
The following are social sciences except …… (a) economics (b) sociology (c) cryptology (d) anthropology
(c) cryptology
The following are Humanities except …… (a) History (b) Languages (c) electronic (d) literature
(c) electronic
……. Is the study of ultimate reality? (a) Analytic (b) Axiology (c) Metaphysics (d) Historical
(c) Metaphysics
Logic does not safeguard science against the introduction of hidden assumptions and formal fallacies (a) not very sure (b) true (c) perhaps (d) false
(b) true
As major schools of thought in philosophy, idealism and materialism are divided on (a) what is the ultimate reality between idea and matter (b) whether philosophy is the privileged activity of selected individuals or an open undertaking (c) whether philosophical questions can be answered definitely or not (d) whether philosopher can reach consensus on major philosophical questions or not
(a) what is the ultimate reality between idea and matter
Whereas an idealist philosopher may trace the genesis of life to a super human mind, a materialist philosopher may argue that (a) it is the result of accidental biochemical eruption (b) it is the by-product of geological resolution (c) it is a mysterious development (d) it is partly accidental and mysterious
(a) it is the result of accidental biochemical eruption
Who among the following philosophers is associated with idealism? (a) Lemin (b) Thomas Hobbes (c) Jean Paul Sartre (d) Plato
(d) Plato
It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence but rather their existence that determines their consciousness is a key assumption of (a) Naturalism (b) Dualism (c) Materialism (d) Idealism
(d) Idealism
Who among the following philosophers are favourable disposed to religion (a)Dualist (b) Materialists (c) Idealist (d) Naturalist
(d) Naturalist
Logic begins with…….. (a) Argument (b) Philosophy (c) Proposition (d) Induction
(c) Proposition
Reasoning means………(a) Inductive (b) Deductive (c) Thinking (d) Logistics
(c) Thinking
Logic associates with…….(a) Croaked reasoning (b) Sound reasoning (c) Empirical reasoning (d) Religion
(c) Empirical reasoning
Which of the following is not a proposition (a) The boy is jumping (b) Kano men have brown hair (c) Bayero university have more than hundred professors (d) Game and sport
(d) Game and sport
Which of the following is a compound statement (a) Logic have values (b) All men from Sudan are tall and short (c) Lagos is in Canada (d) Parents and teachers
(b) All men from Sudan are tall and short
Which of the following is a logical symbol(a) ∞ (b) ˄ (c) Δ (d) π
(b) ˄
~(~ Emeka is serious student) is equivalent to (a) can I say, Emeka is a very student (b) Emeka is a serious student (c) Emeka cannot be serious student (d) Emeka is not a serious student
(b) Emeka is a serious student
The components of arguments are………… (a) Conclusion and Information (b) Premise and Evidence (c) Premise and fact (d) Conclusion and statement
(d) Conclusion and statement
Whereas objective idealism recognises the existence of certain ideas that allegedly existed long before the origin of matter and man, subject idealism recognises (a) the primacy of mind of the human subject (b) the ultimate determination of human physiology (c) the combined interaction of idea and matter (d) the dual strength of human mind and body
(d) the dual strength of human mind and body
One of the following themes in philosophy is of the view that outside the mind, reality has no existence (a) Dualism (b) Materialism (c) Naturalism (d) Idealism
(d) Idealism
Which of the following is closer to the scientific view of reality? (a) Materialism (b) Fatalism (c) Idealism (d) Dualism
(a) Materialism
The term used to refer to any system of thought which divides everything into two is known as (a) Bilateralism (b) Dualism (c) Existentialism (d) Determinism
(b) Dualism
The view that everything is part of nature is to be found among the (a) Philosopher (b) Biologists (c) Anthropologists (d) Naturalists
(d) Naturalists
A simple argument have single……. (a) Conclusion (b) Statement (c) Logic (d) evidence
(a) Conclusion
If today is Friday then tomorrow is Monday (a) Final statement (b) Good statement (c) Conditional statement (d) Fact statement
(c) Conditional statement
(False) V (False)V(False) V …….. V (True)= (a) False (b) True-False (c) False True (d) True
(d) True
(~False) ᴧ (True) ᴧ(~False)= (a) False (b) True (c)True-False (d) False –True
(b) True
~(~(True)) = (a) False (b) True (c) Valid (d) Argument
(b) True
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